Neuroendocrine Tumors

These types of tumors arises is specialized cells known as neuroendocrine cells. They are infrequent type of tumors and can occur anywhere in the body. Most common locations are lungs, appendix, small intestine, rectum and pancreas. Some neuroendocrine tumors produce excess hormones known as functional neuroendocrine tumors. However, some neuroendocrine tumors don’t release hormones or don’t release enough to cause symptoms are known as nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors.

Symptoms

These tumors presents as :

Mild to moderate pain
Feeling of lump under skin
Unintentional weight loss
Flushing of skin
Diarrhea
Increase thirst
Increase urination
Skin rash

Causes

Exact cause of these type of tumor is unknown. Mutation is the DNA of neuroendocrine cells result in the formation of tumor by abnormally division of cells. These tumors can spread and invade nearby tissues.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis depends upon detailed medical history and complete general physical examination of the patient. Other tests include:

Imaging tests like CT scan, X-ray, positron emission tomography (PET).
Biopsy of the tissues from different locations. Sample is collected through bronchoscopy, endoscopy, colonoscopy.

Treatment

Treatment options are as follows:

Surgical removal of tumor
Chemotherapy
Targeted drug therapy
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)
Medications to control excess hormone production in case of functional neuroendocrine tumor
Radiation therapy

Neuroendocrine Tumors