Orchitis

This is the condition in which Inflammation of one or both the testicles occur. It can be caused by bacterial or viral infection or can be idiopathic. If orchitis occur due to bacterial infection it might be associated with the inflammation of epididymis and is called epididymo-orchitis.

Symptoms

• Swelling of the testicles; can be unilateral or bilateral
• Nausea, vomiting
• Low grade fever
• Malaise
• Mild to severe pain

Causes

Orchitis can be of bacterial cause or viral cause or idiopathic. Bacterial orchitis is associated with epididymitis.Usually infection of the urethra or bladder spread to epididymis and cause epididymitis. Mumps virus usually cause viral orchitis.

Complications

• Testicular atrophy of the affected testicles
• Scrotal abscess
• Hypogonadism which leads to infertility

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of this condition depends upon detailed medical history and complete general physical examination of the patient. Other tests include:

• STI scan
• Urine test
• Ultrasound to do the assessment of testicular pain

Treatment

Treatment options include:

• If orchitis occur due to bacterial infection treat it with antibiotics
• if orchitis occur due to viral infection treat it with Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen
• Bed rest
• Elevation of scrotum
• Cold packs
• Avoid lifting heavy objects